Citizen launched its Homer series – like this full serviced mid-1970's Citizen Homer Second Setting here, issued by the Japanese National Railway (JNR) in 1973– in 1960 and produced it through circa mid-1980s.
Of historical note, the Second Setting variant was officially issued by JNR to their staff in the 1960s and 1970s, and – per our research – unlikely to anyone else, public included. Although its well known Seiko pocket watches dominated the notoriously punctual railways in Japan, Citizen owned the 1960s and 1970s in this aspect. The example for sale here bears a JNRinsciption that states the watch was issued by the JNR in the year Showa 48(1973), the 1,100th issued that year.
In 1964, Japan was chosen to host the Summer Olympics, which were a global sensation thanks to the arrival of satellite broadcasting. That year, the JNR's Tokaido Shinkansen - the high speed bullet train - began operation. The hikari service could do the 515km (320 miles) from Tokyo to Osaka in a mere four hours - a yeare later, it was cut to three. Commuters in Europe - let alone the U.S. (which still lacks a bullet train, any bullet train, half a century later) - could only gaze on in disbelief.
In modern times, the JR Group (as the JNR is now known) has rid itself of the serious management inefficiencies, profit losses, and fraud that plagued the JNR - it runs over 20 thousand kilomters of tracks, and some bullet trains - the world's fastest - travel at rates nearly 400 km/h. Seems like these bullet trains would make a great backdrop for a good film, no? Maybe staring Brad Pitt, known for wearing other vintage Citizen?
But back to the JNR! In 1906, the JNR – Kokuyū Tetsudō (state-owned railway, or Japanese Government Railways) – was founded by the Japanese Government via the nationalization of 17 private companies, with the Ministry of Railways and the Ministry of Transportation and Communications taking control of the network subsequently.
During WWII, many rail lines would be dismantled for their steel, in support of the war effort. In mid-1949, by U.S. General Headquarters, Tokyo order, the JGR was reorganized into the JNR as s a public corporation. The JNR would go from strength to strength in the years that followed, to include the inauguration of high-speed lines
The JNR was not state-run, and had independent accounting from the Japanese Government national budget. It began to falter, however, in the early 1980’s, bogged down by rural sections without enough passengers to remain viable – the JNR would begin to close nearly 100 unprofitable local lines in 1983. It wasn’t enough – by 1987, JNR’s debt was over ¥27 trillion ($442 billion at 2021 exchange rates). The JNR would again be privatized in the late 1980’s and re-named the Japan Railways Group (or JR Group), with its remaining debt transferred to the national budget's general accounting.
Within the design of this JNR-issued Citizen Homer, simplicity reigns, along with its “second setting” feature (more commonly called hacking), a feature not normally found on other Citizen Homers. The hacking feature – predominant in military-issued watches – allows the watch to be synchronized, no doubt a requirement on the famously reliable and punctual Japanese railway network.
The white dial has quite clear and legible numbers, with lumed hands and pips outside the hour markers – all allow the watch to be read easily, as designed. More impressive, the Calibre 911 movement Citizen used in these were the same base movement that powered the Citizen Chrono Master, which was basically Citizen’s response to Seiko’s King Seiko and Grand Seiko.
The impressive Citizen Second Setting hasn't escaped notice - noted Fratello Seiko and Citizen guru Michael Stockton notes, "If I were to tell you that there exists a prevalent vintage 36mm stainless steel watch with an in-house manual winding movement, a hacking feature, a wonderfully simple dial sans date, you’d probably point me towards any number of Swiss brands ranging from Patek Philippe, Longines, and even Omega."
"But if I told you it was an officially issued watch, I’d bet that number would drop considerably...you’d probably tell me to lay off the hard stuff. I’ll keep drinking my beer and bourbon – thank you very much, but I do have the suggestion for you: the Citizen Homer Second Setting."
This Citizen Homer comes on a leather strap, and with a nylon strap, rugged travel case, and springbar tool.
